Accounting(लेखाकर्म)
“Accounting
is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner
and in terms of money, transaction and events, which are, in part at least, of
a financial character, and interpreting the result thereof.”
Types of
accounts
1.personal a/c
2.impersonal
a/c
1.Personal a/c:The
accounts which relates to an individual, firm, company or an institution are
called personal account.
Ex.
Ajeet a/c ,drawing
a/c ,capital a/c etc.
Rule:
Debit:
The receiver
Credit
:The giver
Ex1: Paid Rs.1000 to Hari:-
Hari(debit
the receiver) Dr 1000
To Cash a/c Cr 1000
Ex2:Recevied Rs.500 from Mohan:-
Cash
a/c Dr 500
To Mohan (Credit the Giver) Cr 500
2.Real a/c:The
account of all those things whose value can be measured in terms of money and
which are the properties of business are
termed as Real a/c.
Ex.
Cash a/c, Stock a/c,
Furniture a/c, Machinery a/c, building
a/c, Goodwill a/c, Patent a/c, Trademarks a/c etc.
Rule:
Debit:
whats comes in
Credit
: whats goes out
Ex1:bought Machinery for cash:-
Machinery
a/c(debit what comes in) Dr 5000
To cash a/c(Credit whats goes out) Cr 5000
Types of real a/c
1.tangible
real a/c
2.intangible real a/c
1.Tangible Real a/c:Tangible Real a/c are the accounts of
those things which can be touched, felt, measured, purchased, sold etc.
2.Intangible Real
a/c:These a/c represent such things which cannot be
touched, but, of course, their value can be measured in the terms of money.
Ex.
Goodwill a/c, Patent a/c, Trademarks a/c, Copyright a/c etc.
3.Nominal a/c:These accounts include the account the
accounts of all expenses and incomes.
Ex. Salaries
a/c, rent a/c, discount a/c, interest a/c, commission a/c etc.
Rule:
Debit:
the expenses and
losses
Credit
: the incomes and
gains
Ex1.
Paid Rent 500.
Rent
a/c Dr 500
To cash a/c cr 500
Ex2. Received Commission 200.
Cash
a/c Dr 200
To commission a/c cr 200
JOURNAL
Journal is a book of original entry in which
the transaction are recorded first of all, as and when they take place.
Format of journal
Date
|
Particular
|
Ledger
Folio
|
Amount
Dr
|
Amount
Cr
|
Double
Entry System
“Every business transaction has a
two-fold effect and that it affect two accounts in opposites direction and if a
complete record were to be made of each
such transaction, it would be necessary to debit one a/c and credit another
a/c. It is this recording of the two-fold effect of every transaction that has
given rise to the term double Entry System.”
Journal
Entry
Ø Started Business
ØStarted Business With Cash Rs 100000.
By
Cash A/C Dr 100000
To Capital A/C Cr 100000
ØDeepak Started Business With Cash
Rs65000,Furniture Rs10000,Computer Rs25000.
By
Cash A/C Dr 65000
By
Furniture A/C Dr 10000
By
Computer A/C Dr 25000
To Capital A/C Cr 100000
Ø Sale On Credit
Syntax: By Customer A/C Dr
To
Sale A/C Cr
ØGood Sold To Ram Rs5000
By Ram A/C Dr 5000
To Sale A/C Cr 5000
ØSold Goods To Rajesh For Rs 2000
By Rajesh A/C Dr 2000
To Sale A/C Cr 5000
Ø Sale On Cash
Syntax: By Cash A/C Dr
To
Sale A/C Cr
ØGood Sold On Cash Rs5000
By Cash A/C Dr 5000
To Sale A/C Cr 5000
ØSold Goods To Rajesh For Rs 2000 Cash
By Cash A/C Dr 2000
To Sale A/C Cr 5000
Ø Purchase On Credit
Syntax: By Purchase A/C Dr
To
Supplier A/C Cr
Ø
Good
Purchased From Jhunjhunwala & Company Rs50000
By Purchase A/C Dr 50000
To Jhunjhunwala A/C Cr 50000
Ø
Purchase
Goods From Malhotra And Company Rs25000
By Purchase A/C Dr 25000
To
Malhotra A/C Cr 25000
Ø Purchase On Cash
Syntax: By Purchase A/C Dr
To
Cash A/C Cr
Ø
Good
Purchased On Cash Rs50000
By Purchase A/C Dr 50000
To Cash A/C Cr 50000
Ø
Purchase
Goods For Rs25000
By Purchase A/C Dr 25000
To Cash A/C Cr 25000
Ø Cash Payment(Outflow)
Syntax: By Target A/C Dr
To
Cash A/C Cr
ØPaid Mohan Rs 8000
By Mohan A/C Dr 8000
To Cash A/C Cr 8000
ØPaid Rent Rs 5000
By Rent A/C Dr 5000
To Cash A/C Cr 5000
Ø Cash Receive(Inflow)
Syntax: By Cash A/C Dr
To
Source A/C Cr
ØReceived Interest Rs 8000
By Cash A/C Dr 8000
To Interest A/C Cr 8000
ØReceived Commission Rs 5000
By Cash A/C Dr 5000
To Commission A/C Cr 5000
Ø Bank And Cash Transaction
Ø Cash Deposit
Syntax: By Bank A/C Dr
To
Cash A/C Cr
o Cash Deposit Into Sbi Bank Rs 5000
By Sbi Bank A/C Dr 5000
To Cash A/C Cr 5000
o Cash Deposit Into Icici Bank Rs 50000
By Icici Bank A/C Dr 50000
To Cash A/C Cr 50000
Ø Cash Withdraw
Syntax: By Cash A/C Dr
To
Bank A/C Cr
o Withdraw The Cash From Ubi Rs8000
By Cash A/C Dr 8000
To Ubi A/C Cr 8000
o Withdraw The Cash From Pnb Rs6000
By Cash A/C Dr 6000
To Pnb A/C Cr 6000
Ø Personal Use
Syntax: By Drawing A/C Dr
To
Bank A/C Cr
Or
To
Cash A/C Cr
o Amount Withdrawn From Sbi Bank For
Personal Use Rs 1000.
By Drawing A/C Dr 1000
To Sbi A/C Cr 1000
o Withdraw Cash From Business For
Personal Use Rs2000.
By Drawing A/C Dr 2000
To Cash A/C Cr 2000
ü Enter the following transaction in the Journal of Ajeet:-
2015 September Rs
1. Ajeet Started Business With Cash 50000
2. Purchased Goods For Cash 20000
4. Purchased Goods From Subash 12000
5. Purchased Furniture For Cash 6000
7. Sold Goods For Cash 13000
9. Sold Goods To Mahesh 15000
10. Paid Cash To Subash 8000
12. Received Cash From Mahesh 10000
16. Purchased Goods From Ravi For Cash 7500
17. Purchased Goods From Ravi 5000
18. Sold Goods To Suresh For Cash 12600
19. Sold Goods To Suresh 7000
20. Bought Machinery For Cash 8000
24. Withdraw Cash Office For Personal Use 2500
27. Paid Rent 400
29. Paid Wages 450
30. Paid Salary To Gopal 1200
30. Received Commission 200
Date
|
Particular
|
L.F
|
Amount(Dr)
|
Amount(Cr)
|
2015
Sep 1
|
Cash a/c
To Capital a/c
(being business started
with cash)
|
Rs
50000
|
Rs
5000
|
|
Sep 2
|
Purchase a/c
To Cash a/c
(Goods purchased for
cash)
|
20000
|
20000
|
|
Sep 4
|
Purchase a/c
To subash a/c
(Goods purchased from subhash on credit)
|
12000
|
12000
|
|
Sep 5
|
Furniture a/c
To cash a/c
(Furniture Purchased for
cash)
|
6000
|
6000
|
|
Sep 7
|
Cash a/c
To sales a/c
(Goods sold for cash)
|
13000
|
13000
|
|
Sep 9
|
Mahesh a/c
To sale a/c
(Goods sold to Mahesh on
credit)
|
15000
|
15000
|
|
Sep 10
|
Subhash a/c
To Cash a/c
(Cash paid to Subhash)
|
8000
|
8000
|
|
Sep 12
|
Cash a/c
To Mahesh a/c
(Cash received from
Mahesh)
|
10000
|
10000
|
|
Sep 16
|
Purchase a/c
To cash a/c
(Goods purchased for
cash)
|
7500
|
7500
|
|
Sep 17
|
Purchase a/c
To Ravi a/c
(Goods purchased from
Ravi on credit)
|
5000
|
5000
|
|
Sep 18
|
Cash a/c
To sales a/c
(Goods sold for cash)
|
12600
|
12600
|
|
Sep 19
|
Suresh a/c
To sales a/c
(Goods sold to Suresh on
credit)
|
7000
|
7000
|
|
Sep 20
|
Machinery a/c
To cash a/c
(Machinery purchased for
cash)
|
8000
|
8000
|
|
Sep 24
|
Drawings a/c
To cash a/c
(Amount withdrawn for
personal use)
|
2500
|
2500
|
|
Sep 27
|
Rent a/c
To cash a/c
(Rent paid)
|
400
|
400
|
|
Sep 29
|
Wages a/c
To cash a/c
(Wages paid)
|
450
|
450
|
|
Sep 30
|
Salary a/c
To cash a/c
(Salary paid)
|
1200
|
1200
|
|
Sep 30
|
Cash a/c
To commission a/c
(Commission received)
|
200
|
200
|
|
Total
Rs
|
1,78,850
|
1,78,850
|
Tally.ERP9
Tally Solutions Pvt Ltd is a Bangalore-based software company that currently sells into more
than 100 countries beyond its native India, including the United Kingdom, Bangladesh and the Middle
East.
Tally's software is mainly used
for vouchers, financial statements, and taxation in many industries, and has
specialised packages for retail businesses. More advanced capabilities are
found in its enterprise resource
planning package.
tally Solutions Private Limited
|
|
Type
|
Private
|
Industry
|
Computer software (Pankaj Goswami)
|
Founder
|
Shyam Sunder Goenka
|
Headquarters
|
Bangalore, India
|
Area served
|
·
India
·
Bangladesh
·
Middle East
·
United Kingdom
|
Key people
|
·
Sheela
Goenka (chairperson)
·
Bharat
Goenka (managing director)
|
Products
|
·
Tally.ERP9
·
Tally Developer 9
·
Shoper 9
·
Tally.Server9
|
Revenue
|
US$90mn (2011-12)
|
Website
|
|
Introduction
Tally is an
accounting software that helps you maintain accounts and inventory transactions
of your business.
Tally Screen
Main
Area(Ctrl+M)
The left side of the Main Area gives
information on:
- Current Period (Alt+F2)– which is the currently loaded company's accounting period.
- Current Date(F2) – This is the date of the last Voucher Entry for the selected company.
- List of Selected Companies – This displays the name of the loaded company.
Button Bar
The Button Bar displays the following buttons (keys):
1. F1: Select Cmp – To select a company
2. F1(Alt+F1): Shut Cmp – To shut
or close the company
3. F2: Date – To change the current date
4. F2(Alt+F2): Period – To change
the period
5. F3: Company – To select a different company.
6. F3(Alt+F3): Cmp Info – To
access the Company Info. Menu
7. F4: Connect Company – To connect companies on
Tally.NET
8. F4(Alt+F4): Disconnect Company – To
disconnect companies from Tally.NET
9. F11: Features – To access the Company features for a
company
10. F12: Configure – To access the configuration settings
Calculator(Ctrl+N)
To use calculator in Tally Press (Ctrl+N)
Company Info(Alt+F3)
1.F1: Select Cmp
– To select a company
2. F1(Alt+F1): Shut Cmp – To
shut or close the company
3.Create Cmp – This
option is used to create a new company in Tally Erp9. The form of company
creation will be display after select Create Company.
4.Alter:It is use to change or delete the selected
company.To delete the company press(Alt+D)on alteration screen and press Enter
key two times.
6.Restore:This option is use to Restore the
Backup of Company. The format of Restore is following:
7.Quit(Ctrl+Q):To quit current screen in Tally.Erp9.
Groups: Groups are collection of Ledgers of
the same nature is known as Groups.
By
default, Tally.ERP 9 provides a list of Groups called pre-defined groups.
The Primary Group cannot be deleted, however, it can be renamed which is
not suggested. The user can create any number of Primary Groups and Sub
Groups which are again grouped under a Primary Group/Sub Group.
There
are 28 pre-defined Groups in Tally.ERP 9, out of which 15 are Primary
Groups and 13 are Sub-Groups.
15
Primary Groups
|
13
Sub Groups
|
Branch / Divisions
|
Bank Accounts
|
Capital Account
|
Bank OD A/c
|
Current Assets
|
Cash-in-hand
|
Current Liabilities
|
Deposits (Asset)
|
Direct Expenses
|
Duties & Taxes
|
Direct Incomes
|
Loans & Advances (Asset)
|
Fixed Assets
|
Provisions
|
Indirect Expenses
|
Reserves & Surplus
|
Indirect Incomes
|
Secured Loans
|
Investments
|
Stock-in-hand
|
Loans (Liability)
|
Sundry Creditors
|
Misc. Expenses (ASSET)
|
Sundry Debtors
|
Purchase Accounts
|
Unsecured Loans
|
Sales Accounts
|
|
Suspense A/c
|
1. Capital
A/c:In this group we group we create the ledger related to capital.ex: Capital
a/c, Drawing a/c, Proprietor a/c, Partner capital a/c etc.
a. Reserve
& Surplus: It is a child group of capital a/c all reserve a/c are placed
under this group. Ex: General Reserve a/c, Share Premium a/c etc.
2. Current
Assets:Assets=Capital-Liability, It content six sub-group.
a. Bank
a/c:In this group we create the ledger of Bank. Ex: UBI a/c, SBI a/c, HDFC a/c
etc.
b.Cash in hand:Tally
creates itself cash ledger in this group at the time of company creation.
c. Deposits(Assets):It
is used to create all the deposits ledger made by company. Ex:Fixed Assets,
Rent Deposit, Deposit of Electricity.
d.Loans & Advance:It
is use to hold all advances and loans of known Trading nature. Ex: Advance
against salary,Loan of employee etc.
e.Stock In hand: In
this Group we Create the ledger of closing stock and opening stock.
f. Sundry
Debtor:It is use to create the ledger of company and individual person to
home goods are sold on credit and money is received by company.”जिसको माल बेचते है या जिससे पैसा प्राप्त होता है” (All customer) Ex:Any name of person and
company.
3. Current
Liabilities: It content three sub-groups.
a. Duties
& Taxes: This group is used to hold all types of duties & taxes.Ex:
VAT,Sale Tax, Tds etc.
b.Provision: It is
used to place all short provision path. Ex: Provision of tax, Provision of
Depreciation etc.
c. Sundry
Creditors: It is used to create the ledger of company, a person by whom
goods are purchased on credit and money is paid by company. “जिससे माल खरीदते है या जिसको पैसा देते है” Ex: Any name of
company,Person etc. (All supplier)
4. Fixed
Assets: It is a constitution place for holding the fixed assets of the
company. Ex: Furniture a/c, Machinery a/c etc.
5. Investment:
In this group we create all investment of company. Ex: Share bond, Government
security etc.
6. Loans:
It has four sub-group:
a. Bank(OD):
Bank Over Draft.
b.Bank(OCC): Bank
Over Cash Credit.
c. Secured
Loans: In this groups we create the ledger of loan taken by company on
security. Ex:Loan from Bank.
d.Unsecured Laons:
This is unconditional loan obtained from partner/debtors or outside parties
etc. Ex: Loan from friends, Loan from Relatives etc.
7. Suspense
a/c: This is a primary group that appears in Balance sheet. You make/create
a suspense ledger to record money paid/received whose details are not record.
8. Miscellaneous
Expense: We create the ledger of
such expense which do not want to display in Balance Sheet.
9. Branch
& Division: It hold the a/c of all company branches and division.
10.
Sales a/c: In this group we create the
ledger of Sales a/c and Sales Return
a/c.
11.
Direct Income: In this group we
create the ledger of all direct income of company. Ex: Service charges etc.
12.
Purchase a/c: In this group we create
the ledger of Purchase a/c and Purchase
Return a/c.
13.
Direct Expense: In this group we
create the ledger of all direct expense of company. Ex: Wages a/c, Coal gas,
Fuel, Carriage Inward, Freight Inward etc.
14.
Indirect Income: In this group we
create the ledger of all indirect income of company. Ex: interest received, Discount
Received, Commission Recevied etc.
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